Jazz dance is a classification that includes a wide range of dance styles. This dance developed in parallel with music in the 20s-40s of the XX century. The term jazz dance is inextricably linked with the concept of dance in the style of "swing" and includes: Lindy hop, Charleston, Boogie-woogie, Jitterbug (as a mixture of styles), shag, Balboa, Blues. This name often also applies to Jive, rock and roll, West Coast Swing, Se rock or Le Rock and other dances that developed in the 1940s and later. In the United States the term "swing" more often indicate such social dances as the Lindy hop, West Coast Swing, East Coast Swing, Hand Dancing, etc. In Europe has long been the most common Boogie-woogie and rock-n-roll, and in recent years gained widespread popularity Lindy hop. Until the 1950s, jazz dance, like music, belonged to dance styles that originated from African-American indigenous dance. In the 1950s there was a new genre of jazz dance-modern jazz dance or modern jazz, the roots of which came from the traditional Caribbean dance. In each individual style of jazz dance you can trace the roots of one of these different origins.
Content
1 Story
1.1 Early jazz forms of the 1920s and earlier
1.2 Forms of the 1930s and 1940s
1.3 Forms from the 1940s, 1950s and later
1.4 modern jazz
2 well-Known Directors, dancers and choreographers
3 Bibliography
History
Until the mid-1950s, jazz dance belonged to the dance styles that originated from the African-American indigenous dance of the late XIX — mid XX century. Jazz dance was often referred to as tap dancing, because tap dancing to jazz music was one of the dominant dances of that era. Developing over time, jazz dance has generated a variety of social and concert dance styles. Later, over a century of jazz, popular forms of jazz included kekuk, Black Bottom, Charleston, Jitterbug, Boogie-woogie, Lindy-hop. Today, many of these dance styles are still popular and continue to be practiced by students and teachers.
Early jazz forms of the 1920s and earlier
It is worth noting that the early forms (from 1890 to 1910) of the dance, which would later become known as swing, danced in the southern United States. However, because of the racial conflict known as Jim crow's laws (so-called racial segregation), many talented African Americans moved North, where the treatment of blacks was much more loyal. Many of them combined their native dance style with what was already common in clubs in cities such as Chicago, Cleveland, new York, Detroit, St. Louis and others. As a result, there were many new dance styles, almost every city had its own style.
Black Bottom
Rhythm Tap dance (TEP)
Texas Tommy. The first mention of swing was noted in the San Francisco Tribune in 1911, it was a story about dancing Texas Tommy at the Fairmout Hotel. In Texas Tommy partners periodically diverged instead of all the time to dance in a close position, and then the partner "untwisted" (swing out) partner, creating an opportunity for improvisation and acrobatic elements. The term "acrobatic" is often used in the description of this dance. Texas Tommy is considered the immediate predecessor of Lindy hop. When the first Texas Tommy dancers were asked to describe their dance, they said it was exactly like Lindy hop, only the first couple of steps were different. They also said that: "some time after the emergence of the open position (breakaways) Texas Tommy has evolved and included elements of many other dances, including dances that parody the movements of animals, such as Grizzly Bear, Bunny Hop, Eagle Rock and Turkey Trot.»
Shim Sham Shimmy is a popular linear dance of the 1920s and 30s.
Apache is an old French dance from the suburbs of Paris, popular since the mid-1800s. The meaning of the dance was performed by a scene in which a man, or a pimp, subordinates or punishes a woman or a prostitute. Dance was that the woman crawled away from the man in a close position and the man threw her. This is the only known early dance in which, as in Texas Tommy, the couple diverges. The movements "apache spin" and "texas tommy spin" came from these dances, and now it is easy to imagine how they fit into the theme of dance.
Charleston is a classical dance, popular in the 10s-early 20s, related to Lindy hop. Charleston comes from African American areas, achieved wide popularity in the 20s thanks to stage performances. Stylistically distinguish the Charleston of the 20's and Lindy Charleston- the later variations are commonly used in Lindy hop.
Breakaway originated from Charleston in the late 1920s and is often associated with dancers such as George "Shorty" Snowden. "Breaking" (breaking away) of the partners to each other in an open position is often seen as a development of dances such as the Texas Tommy, as well as an important step in the history of Lindy hop. This dance is popular with dancers interested in the history of Lindy hop.
Forms of the 1930s and 1940s
Lindy hop reached its peak of popularity in the late 1930s and early 1940s. Lindy hop — the most advanced and most complex form of swing. It is characterized by the possibility of improvisation and a certain flexibility of the rhythmic structure. Basic for 6 and 8 accounts. It is danced at almost any jazz music, and Blues and other music with the rhythm of Blues or jazz. * Balboa-dance on 8-private basis, its characteristic features-close contact between partners and quick work feet. This dance is particularly suitable for fast jazz music (usually all in the area of 180 to 320 beats per minute) and/or limited space on the dance floor, although it is also danced at a slow pace.
Blues today is an informal kind of swing without fixed forms and with a great focus on communication, sensitivity and improvisation, often with strong bodily contact. Although initially it and danced to the music, it is suitable for any slow music in 4/4 tempo, including rock ballads and R & B. Historically, there are many types of Blues dancing, including the slow drag. In some places dance only Blues, although mostly only in the United States.
Carolina shag-Carolina Step was formed on the basis of Charleston and Collegiate shag. However, today there is no similarity with them. The name originated in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, in the 1930-ies, when the dancing was a mixture of the Charleston and Collegiate Shag (according to 10/1938-Dance Index the Mag. "Carolina Shag" descriptions") some of the main steps, called the: Cuban Step , Shuffle, Twinkle, etc. of the Original Carolina Step is said to have originated in the area of Atlantic beach but most agree on the modern form of dance which is danced in the area of Myrtle Beach. In the mid-1940s, R & B groups played not only in clubs, but also on the beaches. Dancing on the beach (sand) contributed to the change of this dance, and the dance is called "Beach Dancing".
Collegiate shag is a pretty simple 6-bit dance, fast and energetic. It was popular at parties of College students, where its name came from. For a pair of dancing shag is characterized by a close position and a lot of energetic variations of the footwork. Collegiate shag originated in the South (possibly New Orleans) and was known as the "Flea step." Shag appeared in the late 1920s and was popular with young people until Lindy hop. It is danced primarily to up-tempo ragtime -a type of jazz music. In 1920-1930, there were many dance competitions held in new York, where Shag was the undisputed leader. On the beaches of Virginie dance were popular, as in some cities along the East coast Shag was banned.
St. Louis shag-a more complex variation, characterized by syncopated "trampling". Originated in the 1920s in St. Louis is a kind of Charleston.
Forms from the 1940s, 1950s and later
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