Turkish folk dances and their geography of distribution in Turkey
Turkish culture, as it is called by the Turks Anatolian culture (tour. Anadolu Kulturu), is a legacy of thousands of years of accumulation of culture of different peoples. Turkish folk dances are the result of the interpenetration of different cultures and traditions for many thousands of years. In terms of diversity of folk dance, Turkey is the richest country in the world. The number of folk dances in Turkey is so great that not all of them are collected and systematized. In Turkey, there are about 4,000. Turkish folk dance is an important component of Turkish folklore. All folk dances have some history and theme. In almost all regions, cities and villages there are different folk dances, costumes and music.
Introduction. Folk dance is an art that reflects life in figurative and artistic form. By means of movement, facial expressions and music in dance thoughts, feelings, experiences of the person are transferred, the unique characters inherent in this society are reflected. Dance is fraught with great wealth for successful artistic and moral education. And if for the viewer it is in many ways only aesthetic pleasure, for the performer-a means of external and internal harmonization of personality. A special role is played by collective folk dance. The joint performance of the dance promotes unity of people, the formation of an atmosphere of friendship and understanding, which favorably affects the development of the individual and society as a whole.
Turkish folk dance is an important component of Turkish folklore. This is a separate branch of art and a separate science, studying local dances from different regions of Turkey and local dance costumes. Work in this area continues, although it is difficult to have a separate dance in almost every village. The diversity of dance techniques, costumes and music is, above all, the rich cultural heritage of Turkey. The history of Anatolia, the cradle of civilizations, is the history of many Nations.
In total, there are about 4,000 folk dances in Turkey. This figure demonstrates the role of dance in the life of the people. Nowadays, folk dances are usually performed at weddings, festivals, meetings, seeing off sons to the army, as well as during religious and national holidays. Some dances depict some everyday situations, others tell stories, natural phenomena or economic activities of the region.
Types of folk dances and their geographical distribution
The geography of distribution may vary greatly depending on the region of the country. Folk dances of different parts of Turkey differ greatly in choreography, rhythm, clothes and melodies. For example, in the Aegean region and Western Anatolia traditional dance - Zeybek, in Central and southern Anatolia is dominated by halay, the black sea - the territory of Khoron, in Eastern Anatolia prefer dance bar, and favorite dance Thrace - chorus (see map 1.). Of course, this does not mean that in every region they dance only "their" dances: we can, for example, watch the dance "chorus" and in some places in Western Turkey, such as, say, Canakkale. If we analyze in some detail:
Zeybek (zeybek): in the old days the word "Zeybek" (in Central Anatolia - "seymen") meant "warrior"; later so began to call fighters of a national militia in days of wars. Then this word is only found in folklore. This" male " dancing, but sometimes to accept in it participation can and women. Zeybek can be both paired and group. The dance starts with slow movements, then suddenly accelerated along with the music. The main figure of the dance is a turn on one leg with a simultaneous lunge of the second leg bent at the knee: this movement symbolizes the heroic power. In some versions of the dance, dancers swing daggers or short swords. Musical accompaniment: davul (drum) and zurna (pipe type), in some areas - baglama and saz (stringed instruments). Areas of distribution: Aydin, Izmir, Mugla, Denizli, Bilecik, Eskisehir, Kutahya, Canakkale, Kastamonu, Usak, Manisa, Balikesir, Stuff.
Halay: The history of this dance begins from the time of the Assyrian Kingdom. The word "Halal" means the duration, mutual assistance, joint action (Demirkapi, 1975: 229-230). It is currently a dance-like dance. Dances of this type are divided into steppe halay, chukurova (by the name of the area where it is most popular) halay and Eastern halay. Figures and movements are very diverse and in different regions may have many options, but mostly during the dance dancers (men and / or women) form a circle or a series. Leading take each other's finger or shoulder, sometimes under his hands, and the closing hold in the hands of a large multi-colored handkerchief, which is called "mendil". Music-very rhythmic, gradually becoming faster. Tools: davul, zurna, baglama, various types of pipes. Areas of distribution: Bitlis, bingöl, diyarbakır, Lazy, Malatya, Kahramanmara, Gaziantep, Erzurum, Erzincan, Sivas, Mardin, muş, Yoz - gat, çorum, Adana, Ankara, Siirt, Hatay, Tokat, şanlıurfa.
The geography of folk dances
Horon (horon): a Typical dance of the black sea region. Its name comes from the Greek word Horod, which translates simply as "dance". This is a group dance. Dancing by both men and women. Participants form a circle or semi-circle and dance, curving and circling, and squatting, throwing the leg forward and stamping. Music - at a very fast pace. Tools: mainly davul and zurna; in some areas tulumba, Mei, Jura (types of pipes) and kemenche (bow tool). Areas of distribution: Trabzon, Samsun, Artvin, Ordu, Rize.
Bar (bar): Dance, popular in Eastern Anatolia. Dance bar for men and women. Men usually dance in groups of 16 people, women - 12. Participants take each other's hands, just as they do in halay, and dance in a line. There is a "closed" version of the bar (dancing
they approach each other almost closely) and "open" (at some distance). Women's bar is danced more slowly and may be accompanied by songs and the men more firmly and rhythmically. Music: davul, zurna, kemenche. Distribution areas: Erzurum, Kars, Aars, Ardahan, Gyumyush Khan, Bayburt, Erzincan (§ahin, 2011: 6).
Chorus (hora): the Common name of dances common in the region of Thrace and some areas of Western Anatolia. This dance is characterized by a very fast pace and rhythm. Men or women line up in a row, weave their hands, and dance, crouching and throwing their legs forward. Music: davul, zurna. Areas of distribution: Edirne, Kirklareli, Tekirdag, Canakkale.
Karshilama (kar^ilama or kar§ilikli oyunlari): The name of this type of dance can be roughly translated as "dances of mutual greeting". This is a pair dance, the figures of which may vary depending on the region. Starts in a slow rhythm, the tempo increases gradually. Men and women in two rows move separately, then turning face to face, then bypassing each other, kneeling and clapping their hands. Areas of distribution: Edirne, Kirklareli, Tekirdag, Izmit, Ada - pazar, Canakkale, Bursa, Bilecik (Ataman, 1975: 72).
Kashik (ka$ik): "Kashik" is translated as "spoon". Dancing with spoons is popular in many regions of Turkey - from the West to the South of Anatolia. Dancing or in two rows facing each other, or in a circle. Some participants may also sit forming a semicircle. Both dancing and sitting, but beat the rhythm with wooden spoons, one in each hand. Music: davul, baglama, kemenche and vocals (songs). Areas of distribution: Eski shehir, Afyon, Kutahya, Bilecik, Kırşehir, Konya, Mersin, Antalya, Bolu, Bursa.
Bengi or Beng(I): "Bengi oyunu" means "dance without end". Circular dance round dance type, similar to halay and Choron. The dancers form a circle and dance-first slowly and smoothly, and then faster and faster; the movements become sharper. Often accompanied by songs or verses. Areas of distribution: the region of the Marmara sea, as well as Balyk - sir, Manisa, Bursa, Canakkale.
Subjects of folk dances
In various parts of Turkey, dances based on imitation of the movements of animals and birds - "Ducks" (Bolu), "Buffalo" (kyrklareli)," Pigeons "(Erzurum), as well as depicting various situations involving animals - " Cock dances "(Yozgat), "Bear dances" (Beatles), "Wolf and lamb" (Diyarbakir), etc. There are also dances characteristic of representatives of certain professions: "Butchers" (Edirne), "Maslodels" (Izmir), "Foresters" (Kastamonu). In many Anatolian dances played small scenes from everyday life, telling about the relationship between people, about life, about natural phenomena: halay " Work "(Sivas)," jealous "(Kars), bar" Dagger "(Erzurum)," Rinsing "(Kutahya)," Rain is "(Nevsehir)," Fog in the mountains " (Giresun) and many others.Four
Among dances of a similar subject the black sea dance "Sausages" is allocated. This dance is quite modern - it originated in Trabzon in the 30s. His literal translation-kol basti - "hit on the shoulder", that is,"caught (caught)". As they say, this name was invented by the Trabzon port hooligans, on which the police raided. In their songs (and how could a classic Turkish criminal folklore to arise from the Black sea?) repeated the words ‘ ' Geldiler, bastilar, vurdular..'"Came, caught, beat..."When a pub he was part of, I suppose. That Odessa for us, for the Turks-Trabzon!.. People liked the dance, it quickly became popular not only in Trabzon, but throughout Turkey, and in other countries.
https://articlekz.com/article/11735
A brief opus on Turkish culture
The roots of folk dance in Turkey stretch from the distant past, ancient pagan times. To gather a General picture of the overall origins of the dances is very difficult, because the history of Anatolia are mixed with the history of the Gypsies, the Greeks, the Ottomans, the Turks, the Lydians, the Hittites, the Phrygians, and many others. In the state of Turkey dancing is the result of the interconnection of many traditions and cultures for thousands of years.
Turkey dance: the story of folk dances
dancing Turkey
The dance, called "Turkish" might differ greatly among themselves depending on which region it is. For example, in Western Anatolia on the Aegean coast folk dance is sibec. In southern and Central Anatolia – halay dance. On the black sea coast – dance funeral. In the East of the country popular dance bar and choir. This does not mean that in these regions only dance these dances. But it is in these regions that they originate.
Oriental dance Turkey-zeibek
Zeybek
The word zeibek means warrior, that's what the militia fighters in Western Turkey were called. After a time this word is mentioned only in folklore. Zeybek is a male dance but women too can take part in it. Dance can be both group and pair. It begins with slow movements, gradually accelerating to the beat with the music. Main motion – the rotation of the left foot in parallel with the attack on the right. This movement symbolizes military force. In Different versions of Sibaca dancers wielding short swords or daggers. Zeybek accompanied by the zurna (flute), dubolom (percussion), found saz and baglama (folk string instruments).
Video dance zeibek
Turkey dancing-halay
Halai.
The first historical data about this dance date back to the times of the Assyrian Kingdom. The name of the dance literally translates as"twine pull". Outwardly, halai resembles our dance. Conventionally halay is divided into Eastern, steppe and chukurova (the area in which it was born and is the most popular) these Oriental dances Turkey (at least most of the population of the region in which the dance was born) is considered a national treasure . Movements and figures in halay are very diverse, with different variations of performance depending on the region of the country, but in all variations the participants of the dance – women and men form a row or a circle. Participants grab each other by the shoulder, finger or under the hands, closing a number of participants are holding a "mendil" - colorful colorful scarf. Dancing is accompanied by very rhythmic music, begins slowly and gradually is accelerating. Music is played on different kinds of pipes, baglama, zurna and davula.
Video of halay dance
Dances Of Turkey-Khoron
Khoron
Popular in the black sea region dance. From the Greek name of the dance is translated as dance. This dance group, it involves both women and men. All participants continuing to form a semi-circle or circle, dancing, swirling and curving, sometimes squatting, stamping their feet and throwing forward. The dance is accompanied by very rapid music of the zurna and Davoli in different regions also play kemence (ancient version of the violin), tulumba, mee and gure (variations of pipes).
Video dance Khoron
Turkey dance – Bar
bar
Originated in Eastern Anatolia dance, is divided into male and female. According to the custom of Turkey dancing men, especially the bar is held in a group format – it can take part up to 16 people, in the female version -12. The bar is divided into open and (participants are divided from each other at a distance) and closed (dancers are close to each other). Women's bar dancing at a smooth pace and can be accompanied by chants, in the male version of the music more rhythmic and hard. The dance is accompanied by music played on the zurna, kemence and davola.
Video dance Bar
Turkey dance – Choir
Choir's
A collective name for dances that are common in the region of Thrace and certain areas of Western Anatolia. For the dance a distinctive rhythm and a quick pace. Both men and women line up, weave their hands and dance, with squats and throwing their legs forward. Dance belly Turkey modicum and not invented (at least this is unknown unambiguously), but there are women's variations the choir, where this movement is used women
Literature
Ataman, Yaver Gardens (1975). 100 Turk Halk Oyunu, Yapi Kredi Yayinlari, Istanbul
Demirsipahi, Cemil, (1975). Turkish Halk Oyunlari, Ankara
ahin, Mustafa, (2011). Turk Halk Oyunlari Tyrlerine Gore Asma Davulun Olarak Ve Yapisal £alim Teknikleri A^isindan incelenmesi, Akademik Baki§ Is, Sayi 27, Celalabat, 2011, s.6
http://www.zeybekoloji.com/makaleler/
http://www.folkdance.tk/turkish-folk-dance/halay-region.html
http://ekitap.kulturturizm.gov.tr/belge/1-2625/horan.html
http://aregem.kulturturizm.gov.tr/TR,12728/halk-oyunlarinin-oynanma-gelenegi-inanis-efsanesi - oykus-.htm
http://www.sivascity.com/sivas-yoresi-halk-oyunlari/
http://www.tavas.net/modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=24
http://ekitap.kulturturizm.gov.tr/belge/1-3000/sivas-oyunlari.html
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